American history timeline
American history timeline
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World history
American history timeline
AMERICAN HISTORY TIMELINE
- Hunters reach America thousands of years ago by a land bridge across the Bering Strait (Beringia), continuing to migrate and eventually inhabit North and South America.
- Four major civilizations are established in Latin America prior to European exploration: 1) Maya 2) Olmec 3) Aztec 4) Inca
- Three European Movements Influencing Exploration and Eventual Discovery of America:
- The Crusades: Holy wars, demand for Asian goods, revival of European trade with the Far East
- The Renaissance: Desire for knowledge, curiosity, Gutenberg’s printing press
- The Reformation: Martin Luther, decline in the power of the Church, birth of large European nations, nations compete for trading routes
- The Europeans’ search for new, all-water trade routes to the Far East is the leading factor leading to the discovery of America.
- October 12, 1492: Columbus reaches America
- Results: Columbian Exchange, conquest of Native Americans, death of Indians due to disease, slavery
- Spain’s exploration and colonization: Conquistadors (God, Gold, and Glory), missions, forts (St. Augustine, FL)
- English exploration and colonization: Roanoke, Jamestown, House of Burgesses, 13 original colonies, Middle Passage
- Growth of the English colonies: French and Indian War, “No taxation without representation,” Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord
- The American Revolution: Bunker Hill (defeated but confident), Trenton (Washington crossing the Delaware), Saratoga (French aid), Yorktown (British surrender, Treaty of Paris)
- Declaration of Independence: Thomas Jefferson influenced by Magna Carta, John Locke (natural rights), Rousseau (social contract)
- Foundations of American Government: Articles of Confederation (too weak), Nationalists, abandonment of the Articles
- The Constitution of the United States: James Madison (influenced by Montesquieu and his ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances)
- Preamble, 3 branches, Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists, Bill of Rights
- George Washington: Precedents, rivalries lead to 1st political parties (Federalists and Democratic (Jeffersonian) Republicans
- Thomas Jefferson: Chief Justice John Marshall (Marbury v. Madison and judicial review, McCulloch v. Maryland ruling Congress can charter a national bank, Gibbons v. Ogden ruling that states cant regulate interstate commerce, Dartmouth College v. Woodward ruling that states cant interfere with business contracts), Louisiana Purchase, Manifest Destiny
- War of 1812: Tensions with Indians, War Hawks, Ft. McHenry, burning of capital, Andrew Jackson (Horseshoe Bend, New Orleans)
- Sectional Rivalries: Market economy of the North, Cotton Kingdom of the South, conflicts over the addition of new states (Missouri Compromise, 36/30)
- Jackson Presidency: “Laissez-Faire”, spoils system, Indian Removal
- Expansion of the West: Mexican War (Alamo, Bear Flag Revolt), Oregon Trail, Mormons, gold rush, California statehood
- North/South Tensions Grow Strained: states’ rights, slavery, power struggle in Congress
- Civil War Era: Abolitionists (Tubman, Truth, Stowe, John Brown), birth of the Republican Party, Lincoln/Douglass, election of Lincoln, secession, C.S.A., Ft. Sumter
- Blue and the Gray: Strengths and weaknesses, Bull Run (1st major battle with C.S.A. win), Antietam (bloodiest day), Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address, total war (Sherman’s March to the Sea), Appomattox,
- Reconstruction: Assassination of Lincoln, Constitutional Amendments (13th: outlaws slavery, 14th: guarantees citizenship, 15th: Right to vote), impeachment of Johnson
- World of Jim Crow: Plessy v. Ferguson, KKK, restriction of voting
- Development of the United States: Cattle Kingdom, Little Big Horn, Wounded Knee (ending of white-Indian warfare), Deere, McCormick, transcontinental railroad, robber barons (Carnegie, Rockefeller), Homestead Act, Destiny Manifested
- Imperialism: Monroe Doctrine, spheres of influence, sources of pressure to expand (commercial/need for new markets, military/Mahan, Religious, Social Darwinism, closing of the frontier) Spanish-American War (yellow journalism, Rough Riders, Buffalo Soldiers
- Teddy Roosevelt: Roosevelt Corollary, bully pulpit, big-stick diplomacy, Panama Canal, Open Door Policy
- Progressive Era: Reforms in labor, big-business, temperance (18th Amendment/Prohibition), political corruption, suffrage (Seneca Falls/1848, Anthony, 19th Amendment)
- WWI: Causes (Alliances, Imperialism, Militarism, Nationalism), U.S. neutrality under Wilson, 3-year stalemate between Central Powers and Allies, U-Boats, Zimmerman, Lusitania, Selective Service Act, Pershing and the A.E.F., Wilson’s 14 points, Versailles Treaty, League of Nations
- 1920’s: Economic prosperity, laissez-faire, sports, Harlem Renaissance, overproduction, excessive borrowing of money
- Great Depression: Oct. 29, 1929 stock market crash (Black Tuesday), Hoover, Election of 1932
- F.D.R.: New Deal (FDIC, WPA, TVA, CCC, Social Security), term-limit precedent broken (22nd Amendment in 1951 made the precedent law)
- Threats from Overseas: Hitler, Mussolini, Japanese, appeasement, fall of Poland, U.S. neutrality as WWII begins, fall and occupation of France, Pearl Harbor, F.D.R.’s war message
- America in WWII: U.S. joins the Allies (Britain, France, Russia) to fight the Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan), North Africa (vs. Rommel), Sicily, Italy, D-Day (Allied invasion of occupied France to retake it from the Germans), fall of Berlin, V-E day, death of F.D.R., Truman, Manhattan Project, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, V-J Day
- Cold War Era: United States/Soviet Rivalry, Truman Doctrine (containment), NATO/Warsaw Pact, Berlin Wall, 1945-1991
- Cold War Battlegrounds:
- Korean War, Cuba (Cuban Missile Crisis),Vietnam, Latin America
- McCarthy, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon
- Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King, Jr., Brown v. Board of Education (integration)
- Conservative Movement: Reagan, George Bush, George W. Bush
- End of Cold War, Defense Build-up, Gulf War
- Clinton Administration (continued prosperity, corruption, impeachment)
- War on Terror (9/11/01, Bin Laden, Operation Iraqi Freedom)
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American History Timeline 1783-1812:
War of Independence to the War of 1812
1783:
- Treaty of Paris formally ends the War of Independence.
- Britain cedes all lands west up to the Mississippi River.
1780’s:
- 80 000 Loyalists emigrate to Canada
1784-88:
- Constitutional Ratification Debates
- Anti-Federalists proposed a Union that would protect the rights of the individual States over a Federal government, and advocated closer ties to France.
- The Federalists advocated for a strong, central government to defend the Union, and championed closer ties to Britain.
- The Federalists won the Debates by a narrow margin.
1787:
- Northwest Ordinance
- A plan for the development of newly acquired land to move from territorial status to statehood.
- When a territory’s population reached 60 000, the region could apply for statehood.
- The Ordinance included a Bill of Rights which guaranteed religious freedom, representation by population, habeas corpus, and the application of common law.
- The Ordinance excluded the practice of Slavery from the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, and a portion of Minnesota).
1788:
- Alexander Hamilton and other notable figures of the era write a collection of essays known as The Federalist, that defends the necessity of ratifying a Constitution that affirms a centralized federal government.
- American Constitution ratified.
1789:
- Bill of Rights adopted, thus securing the important vote of New York.
1790:
- Seat of government moves to Philadelphia from New York
1793:
- Fugitive Slave Act that provided for the return of run-away slaves, even in non-slave states.
- Eli Whitney invents cotton gin; revives dying slave economy of South.
1798:
- Alien and Sedition Act
- During the crisis created by the Napoleonic Wars, Congress passed legislation that would limit freedom of speech and the press, and curtail the liberties of non-citizens. The residency requirement for citizenship was raised to 14 years from 5. The Act also gave the president, in times of declared war, to deport or imprison enemy aliens at will.
1800:
- Seat of government moves to Washington, D.C. from Philadelphia
- Library of Congress established in Washington, D.C.
1803:
- Louisiana Purchase
1804-06:
- Lewis & Clark Expedition
1808:
- The importation of slaves from Africa is banned; henceforth, only slaves bred in the United States can be bought and sold.
1811:
- Battle of Tippecanoe, Indiana Territory
- American forces under the command of Wm. Henry Harrison defeated the forces of Tecumseh (while he was away). Tecumseh, and his twin brother The Prophet, tried to rally a united Indian front stretching from Florida to Canada. The loss of this battle by the natives permanently ended their hopes of driving the white man back to the sea.
- First steamboat to sail down Mississippi reaches New Orleans.
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American history timeline
American history timeline
American history timeline
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